There are two distinct vegetation zones in the State: the Sub-Sudan zone and the Northern Guinea Savannah zone. The Sub-Sudan zone is characterized by dense forests, tall trees, and tall grasses, primarily located in the southern part of the State, especially in temperate areas such as the Banga plateau of Mayo-belwa Local Government Area, as well as some villages in Ganye and Toungo Local Government Areas. The residents cultivate cash crops, including cotton, cowpea, Bambara nuts, tomatoes, onions, pepper, and sugarcane. Additionally, the State yields various fruits such as pawpaw, guava, cashew, mango, banana, and orange.

Population: In the 2006 National Population Census, Adamawa was ranked 26th in Nigeria, with a population of 3,178,950, consisting of 1,561,978 females and 1,606,101 males. Its projected population is estimated to be 4,902,100 as of 2021.

The primary occupation for the majority of the population in Adamawa State is agriculture. They cultivate a variety of crops such as Groundnut, Cotton, Maize, Yam, Cassava, Guinea Corn, Millet, Beans, Sweet Potato, and Rice. Cattle rearing is also a significant occupation, and communities residing along the banks of River Gongola and Benue are engaged in fishing. During the dry season, these communities utilize wash bore and tube well irrigation, along with water pumps, for the production of vegetable crops like tomato, onion, pepper, amaranthus, okra, garden egg, and melon. The abundance of these Fadama crops during the dry season contributes to the state's status as a major producer, with surplus produce often transported to neighboring states.